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Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved beyond the realm of futuristic concept to become a tangible driver of transformation in Mexico. From financial services to healthcare, and from digital platforms to public administration, AI is already reshaping decision-making processes, business models and even regulatory priorities. Yet this progress coexists with an incipient legal framework, marked by a broad institutional reconfiguration, scattered legislative initiatives and the absence of a national strategy to align efforts.
The 2024-2025 period in Mexico was marked by major shifts: the creation of the Digital Transformation and Telecommunications Agency (ATDT), the dissolution or transformation of autonomous bodies such as the Federal Economic Competition Commission (COFECE), the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI), and the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT), as well as the enactment of new laws on data protection, competition and telecommunications, which, although not designed specifically for AI, directly affect its adoption. In parallel, Congress has seen a proliferation of proposals aimed at regulating AI, most of them declarative in nature and with limited technical development, while academia and civil society have produced assessments and agendas stressing the urgency of an integrated vision.
For companies and legal professionals, this fragmented environment generates both risks and opportunities. Uncertainty persists regarding enforcement, liability for algorithmic decisions, and the handling of sensitive data, but there is also room to anticipate regulatory trends by following international standards, particularly those set by the European Union and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
This article provides an overview of how AI is shaping the Mexican legal system, analysing recent institutional changes, legislative reforms, enforcement trends and the practical implications for strategic sectors. It also identifies the main challenges and opportunities for the country as it moves toward responsible and competitive AI development.
