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The European Commission has considered standardisation agreements and has set out its view in guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal cooperation agreements
On 4 May 2010, the European Commission published for consultation a number of documents dealing with the assessment of co-operation between competitors ("horizontal co-operation") under EU competition rules
Technology standard-setting organizations (SSOs) often require the owner of a patent that is essential to an industry standard to commit to license that patent on terms that are fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND
