On 20 March 2012, the French Competition Authority imposed a €35.3 million fine on three leading suppliers in the dog and cat food sector for having restricted competition for 5 years in specialist retail (covering specialist shops, such as pet shops, farmers and vets). From 2004 to 2008, two companies imposed resale prices upon their wholesalers and made agreements with them containing territorial and supply exclusivity clauses as well as provisions prohibiting passive sales. A third company forbade exports of its products outside France. For having waived their right to challenge the objections made by the Authority, in accordance with the settlement procedure, and for having submitted commitments, two suppliers benefited from a fine reduction (18% and 20%).